Used in supplements for metabolic health; pharmaceuticals for acidemia treatment; research for enzyme activity; food additives for nutrition; animal nutrition for energy; in diagnostic assays.

Low toxicity; may cause allergic reactions in sensitive people. Irritates skin; light-sensitive. Use PPE; monitor for hypersensitivity or side effects.

Supplied in 1g vials with desiccants; store frozen per Sigma-Aldrich catalog to preserve potency.