Used in analytical chemistry, rocket propellants, and electro-polishing of metals. Also applied as a catalyst in esterification and nitration reactions.

Highly corrosive and reactive oxidizer; requires acid-resistant storage and fume hood operation. Avoid all organic contamination.

Delivered in 35–70% aqueous solutions in 25 kg or 1,000 L acid-resistant containers. Store in a cool, dedicated acid cabinet with ventilation.