Ammonium Formate
Formic acid ammonium salt, HCOONH4
- CAS
- 540-69-2
- EC
- 208-753-9
- Sectors
- Pharma & Healthcare, Textiles, Leather & Paper
Ammonium Formate (CAS 540-69-2) is the ammonium salt of formic acid, a colorless crystalline solid that acts as a solid hydrogen source and reducing agent in organic synthesis and catalytic transfer hydrogenation, and as a volatile buffer in LC-MS analysis. It is prized for its purity and role as a solid source of hydrogen.
In the textile industry, it serves as a pH regulator and auxiliary in high-speed dyeing operations. Its volatile nature ensures no harmful residues remain on finished fabrics, enhancing quality.
This chemical is also a critical component in analytical chromatography, where it acts as a mobile phase buffer. It provides excellent peak resolution and instrument compatibility for research.
Typical Properties
| Molecular formula | CH2O2.H3N |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 63.06 g/mol |
| Appearance | colourless crystals |
| Form | Solid |
| Color | White |
| Odor | Slight formic acid odour |
| Melting point | 116 °C |
| Density | 1.280 g/cm³ |
| Water solubility | soluble |
| Flash point | 104°C |
| pH | 6.0-8.0 (25°C, 10M in H2O) |
| GHS signal word | Warning · Irritant / harmful |
| HS code | 29151200 |
| Grades available | Technical Grade |
Typical literature values for identification; lot-specific results are stated on the certificate of analysis (COA) and the safety data sheet (SDS) that accompany every delivery.
Ammonium Formate
Applications
- Organic Synthesis: Used as a hydrogen donor in catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitro groups and alkenes.
- Textile Auxiliary: Applied in dyeing and printing processes to stabilize pH and improve color uptake.
- Analytical Buffer: Essential in LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography) for its high volatility and purity.
Safety & Risks
Classified as Irritant. It can cause skin and eye irritation. Handling should include nitrile gloves, safety glasses, and use in a fume hood.
Packaging
25kg fiber drums and moisture-resistant bags.